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If the lead paint is in a place that is not easily disturbed and is not flaking or deteriorating, you do not necessarily need to remove it. Lead is toxic when dust particles or flakes from peeling lead paint are ingested. If people are not in the area with the lead paint, it may be safe to leave it in place. You still may want to consider encapsulation with a paint formulated for covering lead-based paint, just for an added layer of protection.

Lead toxicity comes from inhaling lead or consuming it. Before the 1980s, when the government banned lead from consumer use, it could be found in paint, plumbing, pipes, ceramics, and even gasoline. Lead paint is toxic for the same reason lead itself is toxic, which is why lead poisoning from paint presents the same as lead poisoning from water or food sources, with a slight increase in respiratory symptoms vs. digestive symptoms. Lead paint is most dangerous when it’s old and peeling, cracking, or otherwise disturbed. This increases the concentration in the air and, therefore, in breathable air. 

It is safe to remove old linoleum, but it may require the help of a specialist due to the risk of asbestos in the material. Before you cut into linoleum or try to peel it up, have it tested for asbestos. If it tests positive, professionals will need to remove it to prevent the risk of health issues from airborne toxic particles. If it’s asbestos-free, DIY removal is possible and safe.

Household products such as paints, cleaners, oils, and batteries are considered hazardous and should not be disposed of with regular household waste. Instead, look for local household hazardous waste collection facilities where you can safely dispose of these items without harming the environment or human health.