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While a biohazard cleanup sounds like a scary process, knowing what to expect can help ease your concerns and set you up for success. It’s good to note that more than one professional might be needed depending on your situation, but that will be determined during the assessment. What you can expect during a home biohazard cleanup is the following:

• Assessment: The first step in this process is for a biohazard cleanup professional to assess the damage. They create a report that includes the biohazard safety level, the needed damage cleanup, and the time it should take to complete the project. 

• Setup: The cleanup professional prepares the site to prevent cross-contamination and reduce toxicity risk. This process can include tarping and creating decontamination zones. 

• Removal of surface contamination: Any contaminated materials are removed from the area, starting with large materials followed by small ones. The professional can assess any floor-related damage once everything is removed from the site. 

• Salvaging items: The biohazard cleanup professionals assess which items can be saved and which are contaminated beyond the point of saving. Those deemed unsafe will be disposed of immediately. 

• Waste disposal: The next step is carefully disposing of the hazardous waste. Your professional will place the contaminated items in specific containers to keep the contamination from spreading.   

• Disinfection: The house will be disinfected and odor-neutralized. Even more minor details, like light switches and bulbs, will be disinfected so that they do not recontaminate the area in the future. 

• Restoration: Once the decontamination is complete, the last step is to restore the home. This includes repairing the damage to flooring, walls, or even the home's foundation.  

In most areas, the local sanitation service will take a few small pieces of concrete and other construction debris per pickup at no additional cost, but this varies based on your location. You can contact your sanitation department for more information. In many areas, you’ll need to call for bulk pickup for concrete pieces, which may cost you a small flat fee. If you’re looking to dispose of large amounts of concrete, it’s best to hire a concrete disposal service near you to avoid the process taking weeks or even months.

The cost-effectiveness of renting a dumpster versus hiring a junk removal company depends on the amount of junk you have. For a few individual items, junk removal is often cheaper, with average costs ranging from $140 to $380. However, for major cleanouts or large home improvement projects, renting a dumpster may be the more economical choice. Dumpster rentals cost an average of $300 to $480 per week. Junk removal companies typically charge based on how much space your items take up in their truck, so the cost can increase significantly if you have a large volume of debris.

Not every, but many, states classify fluorescent tubes and CFL light bulbs as hazardous waste that need to be disposed of in a specified manner. California defines its list of hazardous fluorescent tubes as follows:

• Fluorescent tubes, including low mercury tubes.

• Compact fluorescents, including low mercury lamps

• Metal halide lamps, such as floodlights for  large indoor and outdoor areas and gymnasiums

• Sodium lamps, such as those sometimes used as security lighting and outdoor floodlights

• Mercury vapor lamps, such as those sometimes used for street lighting