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Yes, you can grind concrete by hand, but it’s typically known as sanding concrete when done with a hand grinder. Additionally, you should only use this method if you’re working on a smaller area, like a countertop, rounding an edge, removing imperfections, or doing a spot repair versus a driveway or patio.

You can dry pour concrete over existing concrete, but it’s best to use wet pour concrete instead. Dry pour concrete is easier to apply, but in order for new concrete to adhere to old concrete, it needs the right mixture for slow, uniform curing. Additionally, dry pour concrete is less durable and less resistant to cracking and concrete sinking, so dry pouring over an existing slab may result in surface imperfections appearing prematurely.

Regularly inspecting your foundation—at least the visible sections—for signs of foundation issues like moisture and pest infestation is a good way to identify slab leaks early, as is keeping an eye and ear out for water damage to indoor building materials, above-average water bills, sounds of running water when no fixtures or appliances are on, and indoor humidity that causes the temperatures to feel more extreme. If you do find any issues, contact a plumber right away to check it out for you.

Concrete blemishes such as chipped steps or small cracks are fixable with patching. For bigger jobs, including driveway repair and cracks wider than a 1/4 of an inch, patches will only serve as a temporary fix. Resurfacing is ideal when the surface is showing more widespread wear—like if it’s pitted, rough, or has lots of cracks. Resurfacing gives your concrete a fresh, like-new appearance without needing a full replacement.

When the concrete is severely cracked, sinking, or otherwise structurally unsound, replacing it might be your best option. Replacement ensures the safety and longevity of the surface in this case.