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Rather than using a common two-by-four piece of wood for a rafter, you probably will use two-by-six, two-by-eight, two-by-ten, or even two-by-twelve boards. Wider lumber is typically a better choice in a larger building as it provides more sturdiness. Some installers may use wider lumber for rafters near the edges of the roof, where the greatest stress occurs, and save money with narrower lumber toward the middle.

Wooden pergolas can last five and 12 years as long as you maintain your pergola. Make sure to clean, stain, and seal wood pergolas every two to three years to protect the wood from insect damage, rot, and decay. 

Vinyl or aluminum pergolas can last a lifetime. The only problems you may encounter with these pergola materials are weather-related—heavy rain storms or snowfalls. Check the stability of your pergola every season. You may need to add new supports or replace broken beams on an as-needed basis.

The average cost to build a pergola ranges from $2,200 to $6,400, whereas the average cost of an awning ranges from $1,400 to $4,400, meaning that an awning tends to be less expensive to build or install than a pergola. Ultimately, the less expensive option depends on a few factors, including size, quality of materials used, and location.

Typical pergola kits include four support columns, several rafters, top runners, support beams, and a base for bolting the structure to a concrete surface. The types of pergolas vary by manufacturer and feature. Some have only two support columns, with the rest of the structure leaning against a carport or patio. Others have retractable shade canopies to keep cool in the summer.