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The frequency for sealing granite countertops depends on several factors, including the type of sealant used, the color of the granite, and how heavily the countertops are used. As a general guideline, resealing is often recommended every 12 to 18 months, but some sources suggest it could be as often as every few months or at least once a year.

The type of sealant is a major factor: water-based sealants may need reapplication every six months to a year, while more durable solvent-based sealants can last for five to 10 years. Additionally, factors like heavy kitchen traffic, frequent use of acidic cleaners, and lighter granite colors may require more frequent sealing to prevent staining.

To determine if your countertops need resealing, you can perform a simple water test. Place a few drops of water or a wet paper towel on an inconspicuous area of the granite. After 10 to 15 minutes, check the spot. If the water has beaded up, the seal is still intact. If the water has been absorbed and darkened the stone, it's time to apply a new coat of sealant. You can choose to seal the granite yourself or hire a professional to ensure it's done correctly.

If the damage is minor, you can repair countertops without replacing them. You can also resurface a laminate countertop rather than replace it when it gets old and dingy. Countertop resurfacing is a relatively easy project, though it can be time-consuming, so you may prefer to hire a pro to do this for you.

You can save some money on countertops by going the DIY route, though it can be risky. Laminate is attractive for cost-conscious homeowners, as it can mimic natural materials like granite and wood. It’s also easy to install. Other inexpensive options include ceramic tile, porcelain tile, and butcher block. For serious savings, skip a full replacement and refinish the pre-existing countertop. 

You can resurface existing countertops as long as they’re not significantly damaged. Of course, it does depend on the material. Wood, natural stone, quartz, and even laminate are all good candidates for resurfacing. If you have tile, you may want to just replace the damaged tiles rather than resurface the entire countertop.