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It can be safe to buy or live in a house with knob and tube (K&T) wiring, but only if the system is in good condition, functional, and has been thoroughly inspected and approved by a licensed electrician. Never purchase a home with K&T wiring without getting a professional electrical inspection first.

Key considerations include:

• Safety and Condition: An inspector will verify that the wiring is safe and has not deteriorated. Over time, the insulation can wear away, leaving exposed wires that pose a significant fire or shock hazard.

• System Capacity: The electrical service should be at least 60 amps. However, even at this capacity, K&T systems often struggle to handle the demands of modern appliances and electronics.

• Lack of Grounding: Knob and tube wiring is an ungrounded system, which is a safety concern for many modern devices.

• Ongoing Maintenance: If you live in a home with K&T wiring, it's recommended to have it inspected by an electrician every one to two years to ensure it remains in safe working order.

Ultimately, any inspection or modification of a knob and tube system should always be performed by a certified professional.

How far you can run underground electric depends on the wire gauge (generally AWG) and the circuit voltage. Too much voltage drop in an electrical circuit can negatively affect performance, so the smaller the voltage drop, the better. Ideally, it shouldn't exceed 3%. The smaller the wire and the longer the run, the more significant the voltage drop. 

For example, with a 120-volt circuit, you can run 60 feet of 12 AWG cable without losing more than 3% voltage. With a 240-volt circuit, you can run 120 feet of 12 AWG wire while maintaining a voltage drop of 3% or less.

You should not attempt to disable a smoke alarm unless you’ve already activated a replacement unit. To stop a hardwired smoke alarm from beeping, reset the device or silence the alarm. If you’re removing a hardwired alarm, shut off the power, turn the unit counterclockwise to remove it from the ceiling, and disconnect the wiring.

Aluminum wiring can pose a fire risk as it can overheat, expand, and contract, leading to failing splices and loose connections. If your home has aluminum wiring, it requires careful maintenance and potential safety upgrades. The first step is to hire a licensed electrician to conduct a thorough inspection.

A complete replacement with copper wire is the safest option but can be very expensive and is not always necessary. Other safety measures and upgrades include:

• Copper Pigtailing: A more budget-friendly option where a short section of copper wire is added to each end of the aluminum wire. This is only appropriate for certain homes.

• Aluminum-Compatible Outlets: Installing outlets specifically designed for use with aluminum wiring.

• Anti-Oxidant Paste: Applying this paste to connections to prevent oxidation.

Consulting with a qualified electrician is essential to assess the condition of your wiring and determine the most appropriate updates to meet current safety standards.