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If the holes in the plaster are small, you can fill them with layers of patching plaster until they’re filled. After it dries, you can sand the plaster and paint over it. If the hole is much larger, consider using bonding plaster first and then a layer of patching plaster, completing the process with sanding and a layer of paint.

Although they are used for similar tasks, spackle and joint compound are not the same. Joint compound, also known as drywall mud, consists of limestone and gypsum and is primarily used for large-scale projects like taping and finishing seams on new drywall. Spackle is composed of gypsum and binding agents, making it a thicker compound best suited for small wall repairs like filling nail holes or cracks, as it dries quickly and is easy to sand. For small repairs, either product can be suitable. However, you can use joint compound for small jobs in place of spackle, but you cannot use spackle for large-scale taping and mudding projects.

While not always necessary, you can glue a drywall ceiling in addition to using screws or nails. Drywall is typically secured to ceiling joists with fasteners, which is often sufficient. However, adding construction adhesive can offer benefits like preventing sagging, bridging gaps, and reducing air leaks for better energy efficiency. It may also be used for specific acoustic or insulation needs. On the other hand, many professionals advise against it because properly placed screws make the drywall structural, glue doesn't add strength, and it makes future repairs or replacements significantly more difficult. Ultimately, it's best to follow local building codes and project-specific requirements to decide if adhesive is right for your ceiling.

You can usually tell if you have plaster or drywall by touch (plaster is harder, colder, and smoother than drywall) or by tapping on it (drywall sounds hollow, plaster does not). If you still cannot tell, peek under an outlet cover and check the cut edges. The rough edges show the composition of the wall. You will see either drywall (two paper sheets sandwiching gypsum material) or only plaster material (no paper sheets).