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You can certainly seal butcher block countertops, but not permanently. Due to the nature of the materials, it will require resurfacing down the line. This is true no matter what you use to seal the countertop, including polyurethane and mineral oil. Polyurethane will last until the countertop is damaged in some way, and mineral oil should be reapplied every two to three months. To maximize the longevity of the polyurethane sealer, apply two coats.

Sometimes you will need a stronger cleaning solution to thoroughly clean furniture before painting. It’s best to start with a mild solution to avoid damaging the surface, especially if it is an antique piece. If you need to use a stronger mixture, try a commercial cleaner or mineral spirits. Before applying any solution, do a test patch on an inconspicuous area so you don’t risk damaging the finish.

If the scratch is large enough that it compromises the integrity of the wood, a wood filler probably won’t be enough to fix the problem. In that case, you might need to sand and refinish the entire floor or replace a board. If you do use a filler, use one that’s appropriate for the scratch. Water-based wood fillers work for small gaps or gouges, while epoxy has added strength to fill larger scratches and gaps.

Applying a topcoat sealer is not required, but it will keep the stain from fading over time. This is particularly important if the stain imparts a color or varnish. If you’re staining exterior wood, you should apply a sealant or finish to prevent weather-related issues down the line. Also, stained wood that lacks a seal won’t look as clean and fresh. A clear topcoat will give it the professional result you want.