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Adult fleas can live a few days to a couple of weeks on your couch if they don't have a host to feed on. However, flea eggs, larvae, and pupae can live much longer, even several months, with the right conditions. That is why it’s vital to eradicate them from your couch and other upholstered furniture.

Steam and vinegar are excellent cleaners, but it’s best not to put vinegar in your steam cleaner unless explicitly approved by the manufacturer. If you don’t dilute the vinegar properly, it can damage the steam cleaner, and using a non-approved cleaning solution in the machine can void the manufacturer’s warranty.

Yes, steam cleaning can be an effective way to clean a couch, but whether it's recommended depends on the upholstery material. It is possible to steam clean some couches, particularly those made of durable fabrics like cotton or polyester. However, not all materials handle heat and moisture well; delicate fabrics such as silk and rayon should only be dry-cleaned to avoid damage.

Before you begin, always double-check your couch manufacturer’s cleaning recommendations. If steam cleaning is appropriate for your couch, opt for a gentle steam cleaner designed for fabric rather than a bulky carpet cleaner, and use the gentlest setting to prevent damage to the fabric and foam padding. Like with carpets, you may need to pretreat and spot-clean tougher stains.

While effective, steam cleaners can be expensive to buy or rent. If you are unsure about the material or the process, it's best to call a professional upholstery cleaning service to avoid causing damage.

Many household items neutralize the smell of urine, including fabric sprays and baking soda, a great odor absorber. Or try combining baking soda and hydrogen peroxide to cut through the smell. If these items don’t work to completely remove the smell of pet urine, try an enzymatic cleaner, which works to break down organic matter such as urine, and is readily available at most pet stores.