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No, you don’t need to use plumber’s putty to install a sink drain. Other options are available, such as silicone putty or silicone caulk. Plumber’s putty is the traditional method and it’s easier to work with and easier to remove. It doesn’t need to dry before using. Silicone putty should dry before you use the drain.

Brown stains in your toilet bowl are most likely limescale. Limescale happens from lime being left behind from hard water evaporating. Once dried out, the minerals also catch dirt and bacteria which eventually accumulate into the brown or blackish stain you see in your toilet. To remove thick and hard limescale from your toilet, use a mixture of vinegar, lemon juice, and baking soda, and scrub with a metal scrubbing brush.

The cost to unclog a drain varies based on the location and severity of the clog. For simple clogs within your home, such as in a sink, toilet, or shower, hiring a plumber typically costs between $110 and $350, with an average of around $200. Snaking a toilet or sink usually costs between $110 and $275, while a bathtub or shower clog costs about $225.

For a more serious clog in the main sewer line, the cost is higher. Clearing a main line clog generally costs between $200 and $600, with an average of about $380. However, prices can range from as low as $100 for snaking a minor clog to over $1,600, particularly if advanced methods like video inspection and hydrojetting are needed for a large or hard-to-reach blockage. Some severe main line clogs can cost upwards of $1,000 to clear depending on factors like the cause of the clog, its distance from an accessible cleanout, and whether the pipe is located beneath an occupied space (e.g., in an apartment building). You may be able to save money on minor clogs by using a drain snake or bladder yourself.

Soldering is a secure way to fix a leaky copper pipe, but if you don’t have access to a soldering iron, you can use a slip repair coupling or compression couplings. These types of couplings tighten with a wrench or by hand. If you’re looking for a temporary solution that doesn’t require soldering, you can use epoxy putty or adhesive tape.