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If you want to avoid damaging your home's brick, you should always use a stain specifically formulated for masonry projects. These stains are designed to penetrate the porous surface of the brick and bond with it, unlike paints, which sit on the surface and are prone to peeling and flaking. Look for stains labeled for use on brick or other masonry surfaces. Avoid using regular paint on brick, as it will not adhere well and will likely lead to future maintenance issues. 

The most inexpensive option is to paint the brick facing of your existing fireplace. You can create an interesting design with the right color of paint, as long as the brick is in good shape. Sometimes, simply cleaning the brick fireplace makes a big difference in the way it looks. Otherwise, covering an existing stone, brick, or masonry fireplace facing with stucco or concrete is an inexpensive option versus tearing out the existing material and refacing the fireplace.

When comparing which is better between German schmear, whitewash, and limewash, your answer will depend on the look you're going for. German schmear is the best option for those who want a heavily distressed look for their brick without full coverage. Whitewash is best if you like the current brick color and want it to show through. Limewash paint is best for full coverage.

Limewash and whitewash often appear together in a quick search when looking for ways to paint brick—so, what’s the difference? Limewash paint is one of the most natural and environmentally friendly ways to paint brick. It’s made from limestone and water, giving it an off-white appearance that looks similar to whitewash. However, limewash is semi-permanent, whereas whitewash is a more permanent, watered-down version of existing paint. 

Both brick paint options are economical and light in color, but if you want to change the appearance of your home’s brick in the future, then limewash might be a better option.