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You may be looking to identify maple trees to use for home improvement projects. In that case, you can tell hard maples by looking at their leaves. Leaves will have a U-shaped dip, or sinus, between the points, or lobes, of the leaves. Leaves of soft maples tend to have V-shaped sinuses.

If you already have the cut wood in front of you, look for a light, uniform color to identify hard maple wood and check for variations of red, gray, or brown streaks and an overall darker color in soft maple wood.

Yes, it is essential to confirm that any tree service company you hire is properly insured before they begin work. Tree removal, trimming, and pruning are dangerous jobs, and proper insurance protects you, your home, and the company from liability in case of accidents or damage. Look for a company that carries both general liability and workers’ compensation insurance, and do not hire one that cannot provide proof of coverage. When browsing for professionals, you can look for indicators like an “Angi Approved” badge, which signifies that the business meets standards like holding applicable licenses and passing a background check. Keep in mind that a license is a legal requirement to operate, while certifications are typically voluntary.

Aside from removing dead or diseased branches, you should prune your trees somewhere between every one and three years. Some people—particularly commercial farmers—prune their apple trees yearly to produce higher yields. This is the best way to promote tree health. That said, the average homeowner can get away with hard-pruning their mature apple tree every other year or every three years. 

You can find pruning paints and sealants for trees, but you shouldn’t use them on a topped tree. Coatings like these often inhibit the tree’s healing process. An important exception is if there are dangerous fungi nearby that the tree is particularly vulnerable to, like oaks and oak wilt. Sealing cuts can help prevent fungi from taking root.