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Brown stains in your toilet bowl are most likely limescale. Limescale happens from lime being left behind from hard water evaporating. Once dried out, the minerals also catch dirt and bacteria which eventually accumulate into the brown or blackish stain you see in your toilet. To remove thick and hard limescale from your toilet, use a mixture of vinegar, lemon juice, and baking soda, and scrub with a metal scrubbing brush.

You definitely can over-tighten toilet tank bolts. Unlike some other materials, porcelain can’t bend or flex, so when you over-tighten a screw into it, it could break against the added pressure. Only tighten them as much as needed to keep them in place and firm; any more and you could risk breaking the porcelain.

If you notice water leaking down the side of the bowl or tank and you don’t notice any cracks in the porcelain, the odds are that it’s condensation. If you notice water around the base of the toilet, this points to a leak. Check for loose bolts. A sewage odor may also indicate a broken toilet flange.

The main causes for a leaky toilet flapper include wear and tear or a broken or incorrectly installed toilet flapper chain. If your toilet flapper is torn or deteriorated, it can’t provide a proper seal to keep water from running. Meanwhile, a chain that has come loose, was moved, or just wasn’t installed right can prevent your flapper from fully closing.