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If your gas water heater is over 20 years old, it should be replaced. Gas water heaters can last up to 12 years and while they can exceed this expectancy if well-maintained, a heater that's 20 years old would require replacement. The heater is unlikely to run as efficiently as a new model and could be more expensive to do so.

On average, a tankless water heater should last between 10 and 15 years. Its lifespan will be affected by how much it's used, the effect of weather where your home is on the unit—colder is harsher and will shorten lifespan—and if the heater is maintained appropriately and regularly. There are many signs your water heater needs to be replaced, so pay attention to anything that changes with your heater or hot water.

Heat pump water heaters, also known as hybrid water heaters, are the most efficient types of water heaters—both in terms of carbon emission and energy efficiency. This type of water heater utilizes as little as half of the energy of a traditional water heater while releasing no direct emissions. Tankless water heaters are also extremely efficient, although slightly less so than hybrid heaters.

Most standard residential water heaters, which are typically around 40 gallons and use 240 volts and between 3,500 and 5,500 watts, require a 30-amp, two-pole circuit breaker. For smaller, point-of-use water heaters using 120 volts and between 1,500 and 3,000 watts, a 30-amp breaker is also often adequate. However, some models may have different needs; units that use more watts than average may require a 40-amp breaker, while smaller units might only need a 20-amp breaker. Newer, tankless, or more energy-efficient models can also require a higher amperage. Having the correct breaker size is crucial for safe and efficient operation, so it's best to consult a licensed electrician to determine the specific needs of your water heater.