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Different fences use different amounts of electricity, but their operating costs are very low overall. Electric fences pull between 4 and 25 watts from the system if you have an average-sized yard. Barring any complicated math, you can expect an average electric fence to cost less than $5 a month to run. Aboveground electric fences, which are not typical for residential use or small animals, can cost more, but you shouldn't notice a significant change in your electric bill. 

No, both switches do not need to be on for a 3-way switch to work. When the two switches are in opposite positions, the circuit is open and the light is off. Flipping either switch closes the circuit and turns the light on. So, either switch can turn the light off independently, and both switches do not need to be in the same position for the switch to function.

The Biden Administration banned the sale of incandescent light bulbs for general service lamps in 2023. All household light bulbs must meet a minimum efficiency of 45 lumens per watt, three times that of a standard incandescent light bulb. 

The main motivation was to improve energy efficiency and reduce carbon emissions. It is expected that banning incandescent light bulbs will cut over 200 million metric tons of carbon emissions over the next 30 years. Some bulbs are exempt, like chandelier lights and Christmas lights.

Under-cabinet lighting is generally energy-efficient, especially when using LED technology. Compared to traditional ceiling lighting or older bulb types like halogen and incandescent, LED under-cabinet lights consume significantly less energy, which helps reduce operating costs. This applies to various forms, including strip lights, puck lights, and built-in fixtures. For an option that uses no electricity, consider battery-operated puck lights. While they require periodic battery replacements, they have the added advantage of functioning during a power outage.