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In most cases, you should hire a professional to carry out services on your HVAC system, as the components are complicated, expensive, and potentially dangerous to work with. However, there are a few things you can do on your own to keep your HVAC system in good condition, including changing your filters every three months, keeping the area around your outdoor condenser clear of debris and plant growth, making sure your or intakes aren’t blocked, and keeping an eye out for increased energy bills, strange noises, and unusual odors related to your equipment.

You will only need to refill your AC with refrigerant if it has a leak. Otherwise, a modern, well-maintained AC will most likely never need a recharge. You may notice a leak in an older system if your bills are higher, you hear a hissing sound, or if the air is blowing out hot.

To diagnose a bad HVAC or AC damper, assess the airflow from your vents. For a manual damper, close it, run your system, and check for airflow. If air is still coming through the vents, the damper is likely faulty and needs repair or replacement. For an automatic damper, turn on your HVAC system and monitor the airflow and room temperature. Signs of a problem include low airflow, a room that won't maintain its set temperature, or a drafty feeling. If you suspect a faulty automatic damper, you may need to hire a professional for repairs.

During the summer, it’s best to set your AC to 78 degrees when you’re home and awake, according to the Department of Energy (DOE). For better energy efficiency, raise the temperature slightly to 85 degrees while you’re out of the house. The National Sleep Foundation advises lowering your thermostat to between 60 and 67 degrees when you’re asleep.