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Late winter is ideal, but if you’re pruning apple trees in the spring, prune them as early as possible in the season. You want to ensure your tree is just creeping out of dormancy and hasn’t started pushing out new growth. If you prune your tree too late into spring, you generally won’t see results until the following year.

That said, there’s no pruning season for unhealthy growth. Remove dead, dying, or diseased branches as soon as you notice them, regardless of the time of year.

You can use herbicides to prevent roots from growing without killing the tree itself, however they must be used with caution. Systemic herbicides are absorbed by the root and can kill off problematic roots. However, herbicides can sometimes negatively impact nearby plants, so the solution is best used sparingly.

Generally, you should prune around 20% of an apple tree’s growth—and never more than 30%. This means that if you have a severely overgrown tree, it can take a few seasons to prune it back enough to produce the healthiest fruit. 

If you’re dealing with a newly planted or juvenile tree, hold off on pruning beyond the initial shaping. Wait at least a couple of seasons into fruit production since pruning can increase the number of water sprouts and unproductive foliage.

Tree borers are difficult to control and remove once they make a home in your tree. However, with patience and determination, some methods can slow the damage or even eliminate the pests. But, once the damage is too much for the tree to handle, the only solution becomes removing it. Talk to a tree specialist early for the best chance at saving your tree.