Depending on the severity of the damage, a tree might continue healing for years after a split or a break. Saplings can usually bounce back in the spring in one or two seasons, but larger trees might take a few years to regain their former strength. If your tree is showing strong growth and is not dropping limbs, you can consider it healed after the first two seasons.

Light-bark trees are most notorious for producing lots of sap when wounded. These varieties include maples, birches, poplars, dogwoods, magnolias, and elms, and they will bleed more when the trees are dormant. That’s why it’s a good idea to prune them in the summer months rather than waiting until winter.

Although it’s possible, heavy machinery like a crane is necessary for removing an entire tree stump and all. This procedure is extremely costly, time-consuming, and usually unnecessary, as there are plenty of convenient and affordable stump removal options. 

Your best bet, if you want to be sure to remove a tree and its stump efficiently, is to speak with a professional. They’ll be able to walk you through the entire process.

Ideally, you should wait to prune until trees have gone dormant in late fall to early winter. The worst times to prune trees are early fall and late summer, as pruning them so close to dormancy makes it difficult for the tree recover before it goes dormant for the season.