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Pool chemical levels should include a pH between 7.4 and 7.6, alkalinity between 80 to 120 ppm, and chlorine from 1 to 3 ppm. The size and type of your pool determine additional chemical levels, such as stabilizers and pool shock, but you can get to know these numbers using our pool maintenance 101 guide.

The formula you’ll use to measure your pool will differ based on the shape of your pool. For a rectangular pool, you’ll use the following formula to find the size in gallons: length x width x depth x 7.5. If the depth changes from one end of your pool to the other, take the average by finding the depth at the deepest and most shallow points and dividing that number by two. Circular and oval pools require different, more complicated formulas, which can be found in this article.

An easy way to know whether your sand filter has enough sand is to check how full the filter is and what the sand looks and feels like. The filter container should be two-thirds to three-quarters full of sand. Look for interior marks indicating the ideal sand level. If you put your hand into the sand, it should flow through your fingers without clumping. The filter pressure gauge is also an easy indicator—the right amount of sand leads to normal pressure, while too much or too little sand can cause high or low pressure.

While some water loss from splashing and evaporation is normal, a rapid or excessive drop in the water level may indicate a leak. Other signs of a pool leak include unexplained soft or wet spots in the yard, cracks in the pool structure or falling tiles, higher-than-normal water bills, persistent algae growth or water discoloration, and standing water around the pump, pipes, or other pool equipment.