When woodpeckers start banging on your walls or roof, they are probably looking for insects to eat, storing nuts for winter, drilling a hole to make a nest, or communicating with other birds to establish territory or find a mate.

The size of the hole can help determine the reason for the pecking. Small irregular holes are a result of insect hunts. Acorn holes are more consistently sized and often fitted with a nut in the middle. Nest holes are large and have rounded edges. If the bird is pecking to mark its territory or attract a mate, it may leave dents rather than holes, and the noise will stop when the mating season starts in spring.

No single deterrent will work 100 percent of the time, so we suggest combining deterrents to ensure your seed has the best possible chance to grow. Using bird netting over your seed, with physical deterrents like mylar tape coupled with hanging bird feeders at the edges of your growing area—and removing any bird’s nests, if possible—will give your seeds the best possible chance for success.

The cost to hire an exterminator or pest control service is $175 on average, with typical costs ranging from $100 to $500. However, you could spend more depending on several factors, including the type of pest, the size and severity of the infestation, and the number of visits required.

Service costs also vary by frequency:

• One-time service: $300–$550

• Initial visit with ongoing service: $150–$300

• Monthly visits: $40–$70

• Quarterly visits: $100–$300

• Annual visits: $300–$550

The type of pest significantly impacts the price. For example, exterminating spiders typically costs between $100 and $300, while a termite problem can range from $230 to $2,500 or more, depending on the extent of the damage. Routine pest control services can help prevent future infestations and costly damage to your home.

It can be difficult to know what type of animal is in your attic until you see it. But several clues can help you narrow down the suspects:

• Sounds: Smaller animals like rats and mice make scurrying and tapping/gnawing sounds. Larger animals like raccoons and opossums make louder clambering noises. Also, note when animals are noisy: Squirrels are active during the day, while rats are busiest at night.

• Droppings: Rats and mice leave small, rice-shaped droppings (the rat’s version is significantly larger). Bigger droppings belong to larger critters like raccoons. As long as you’re not squeamish, an image search can help you identify what you’re seeing in your attic.

When in doubt, take photos of damage or other evidence and show them to an experienced pest control pro.