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Air duct insulation typically lasts for 10 to 15 years or even longer, depending on the material and maintenance. It's important to conduct periodic inspections to check for signs of deterioration, such as water damage, tears, or general wear. If you find any of these issues, it may be time for repairs or a full replacement. You might also consider upgrading your insulation even if it's in good shape to improve your home's energy efficiency and enhance your HVAC system's performance with newer, more effective materials.

Structural insulated panels and rigid foam boards have the highest R-value of any insulation that contractors commonly use, with R-values reaching up to around 8.0. These types of insulation are best in extremely cold climates, but they’re generally preferred for new construction, as they can be challenging to retrofit. Blown-in and loose fill insulation provide the next best insulative value, provided the installation is done properly. It’s important to choose an insulation type that meets your needs based on climate, as maximizing R-value may not always be financially worthwhile if you live in a moderate climate.

The lifespan of crawl space insulation depends on how well you maintain your insulation and the type of insulation. Fiberglass will need replacing every 15 to 20 years on average if you don't have a vapor barrier in place. If you do have vapor barriers in place, then your insulation could last much longer. Spray foam insulation can last anywhere from 80 to 100 years. 

Radiant barriers and insulation serve different purposes, so one is not inherently better than the other. Radiant barriers reflect radiant heat, helping keep spaces cool, especially in hot climates, while insulation slows heat transfer through conduction. For optimal energy efficiency, it’s best to use both together. 

Radiant barriers can enhance the performance of insulation by preventing heat gain in the summer and heat loss in the winter. The choice between them depends on specific climate conditions and the building’s design requirements.