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Cold winter months won’t always kill off fleas completely. Your home is typically warm enough for fleas to survive or, at least, for the eggs to lay dormant, ready to hatch when warmer weather arrives. Plus, waiting for the winter isn’t a good idea. The infestation will continue to grow, and fleas carry pathogens that can harm humans and pets.

You can easily find sprays that claim they are safe for pets and kids. However, we’d rather not use them in our own homes if we’re worried about pet safety: They still include pesticides and other chemicals, and are best avoided in any food prep areas like the kitchen, or any spots where children and pets may place. That’s why sprays didn’t end up in our suggestions for the safest options.

If you spot a bug in your home that seems very similar to a flea, it’s likely a springtail, which is a tiny jumping insect that can resemble a flea. Unlike fleas, they are not dangerous to humans or animals because they don’t bite. Fleas are smaller than springtails, which is how you can distinguish them.

A flea can live as long as 100 days when it has a live host to feed on. They tend to live a much shorter life when they’re on a short-haired dog or cat versus a pet with longer hair. Without a host, fleas will typically only survive for about one to two weeks.