One of the most important areas of contractor work is learning how to price a job. Bid too low and you'll lose time and money handling a project that's bigger than you've budgeted for. Bid too high and you'll lose opportunities to the competition who've proposed lower project costs.
Creating a well-priced quote requires accounting for several factors, including labor costs and materials for the estimated length of the project. It's a delicate balance that requires knowledge and skill to find the sweet spot that will result in more jobs and money.
Learn how to develop a quote that’ll win over prospects and help you—and your company—thrive in this pricing guide for general contractors.
How to Accurately Quote Jobs as a Contractor
Learning how to price a construction job relies on attention to detail. You'll want to start with a site visit to take photos, measure foundations, and look for any hazards or unique features that would affect project length or pricing.
Having a detailed set of drawings or sketches is equally important. They may come from the project owner or architect, depending on the size of the job. The visual representation will help you plan the steps needed to complete the job. You'll also have reference materials to serve as your guide during the project.
Conducting a thorough interview with the project owner or homeowner is often advisable so you can ask questions and get a detailed wish list of desirables and must-haves. This will help you price the job accurately.. You'll also find out timelines and budget constraints that the client may have.
Indeed, matching a budget to the project will be vital to securing the bid. The project owner or homeowner may ask for too much with too little budget. Or, the project might be beyond your level of expertise. Having an accurate design of the project and a general sense of the client's demands will focus your efforts on projects you can handle.
How to Price a Construction Job
Once you have reviewed the basic information about a job from drawings and spoken with the project owner, you’re ready to price the job.
You'll need a checklist of material and labor costs that may include the following:
According to Remodeling Magazine, many contractors use stick estimating to price a construction job. Stick estimating refers to counting of every piece of material and determining every hour of labor. Another pricing method is unit cost estimating, where you combine unit costs with predetermined standard prices from subcontractors and other specified cost criteria based on job conditions.
Estimate Your Labor Cost
Calculating the cost of labor will vary from project to project. This is due to the size of the project and the number of workers needed. Two major factors that determine your budget for labor on any construction site include direct costs and indirect costs.
Direct costs cover the wages you pay your employees. Indirect costs are other hiring variables, including workers' compensation, health benefits, and payroll taxes. Your construction labor cost percentage should be anywhere from 30% to 40% of total costs.
Estimate Your Materials Cost
The other main part of contractor pricing is determining the cost of materials. These could be raw materials such as concrete, timber, or sand. It could also be prefabricated materials like bricks, lengths of electrical cable, plumbing pipes, and light fixtures. You'll also want to include the cost of tools and equipment whether you're renting or buying for a particular project.
Remodeling Magazine recommends assigning a United of Measure (UOM) to each project deliverable. Using standard units of measurement, such as per square foot, cubic foot, or lineal foot, or per item, you can attach a full unit cost to each of your line items.
Some examples of UOM in contractor pricing include:
Length of cables and pipes
Surface area of roof, floor, carpet, or walls
Volume of concrete, asphalt, or paint
Count of light fixtures, receptacles, doors, windows, etc.
You can add these together and then apply your markup. The more data you collect, the better the unit of measure is understood and fine-tuned.
Consider Overhead and Margin
Learning how to estimate construction jobs includes maximizing profit and minimizing expenses. When pricing construction jobs, the actual project is one factor. Your day-to-day operational expenses need to be considered to determine your overhead and margin.
Some expenses to consider are:
One simple way to account for all your business expenses (and make a profit on your job) is to total all your monthly running costs and expenses and divide them by the number of days you work each month. This will give you the daily cost of running your business. Your profit on a job should cover your basic daily business expenses.
Consider the Competition
You'll want to factor in the competition when pricing your construction bid. This is when highlighting what makes you unique and why can literally be the difference-maker in winning more projects.
For example, you can add details in your proposal that are specific to the proposed job. Value-added solutions that help reduce time and costs for the project are another bonus against rival bidders. Competitive research will help you identify potential gaps in other contenders’ offerings.
Michael Marshall - Buyer's Resource Realty Svcs.
