How To Tell If Grass Seed Is Germinating And Growing Into A Lush Lawn

Whether you’re sowing fresh grass seed on your new lawn or filling in brown patches, you’re likely wondering how to tell if your grass seed is germinating correctly.

Growing grass from seed requires the seeds to go through the process of germination, needing optimal conditions such as excellent weather, sunshine, and plenty of water. 

Learn how to give your grass seed the conditions it needs to germinate and how to tell when it has successfully sprouted, so you’ll be growing the greenest grass on the block in no time.

What Is Seed Germination?

The seed germination process occurs when a seed absorbs a sufficient amount of moisture to start spouting and get you on the road to a healthy, lush lawn. The moisture softens the outer husk of the seed and removes enzymes in the seed that stop it from sprouting. 

That’s why one key component of germination is regular watering; if the seed dries out too much between grass waterings, it will go dormant again. On the flip side, overwatering can also kill a seed, so it’s key to find the balance between watering, soil conditions, and weather to get your seeds to germinate properly. 

The Key Components Of Grass Seed Germination

If you nail these details, you’ll see some sprouts in no time.

Moisture

The seeds must be watered regularly and kept moist, but never overwatered. Make sure the soil is damp to start, watering 6 to 8 inches down before you plant. After planting, water 3 to 4 inches deep and then keep the soil moist 1 to 2 inches deep during the germination period—this will likely require watering every day.

Healthy Soil

Most cool-season grasses require a soil pH to be in the 6.0 to 7.2 range; warm-season grasses prefer anything above a 5.5 pH.

Cool-season grass germinates best when the soil is between 50 and 60 degrees Fahrenheit, meaning 60 to 75-degree days. Warm-season grasses prefer much warmer weather, with the soil temperature between 65 and 70 degrees Fahrenheit, and the air temperature 75 to 80 degrees, or even higher. If you can, purchase a soil thermometer to ensure the temperature is right for germination.

Ideal Weather

With temperature changes and inclement weather throwing weather patterns out of whack, you’ll need to keep a closer eye on the temperatures when you’re germinating your seed. Be on the lookout for unusual cold spells or heavy rains, which can wreak havoc on your seeds, as they will need lots of sunshine and can’t get waterlogged.

How to Tell If Grass Seed Is Germinating

The most straightforward way to know if your grass seed is germinating is to look at it. If the seed’s sprout is pushing up through the soil, it has successfully germinated. If there are no sprouts after two weeks, check the seeds. 

If the seeds still look the same as when they were initially planted or are covered in mold or a fuzzy texture, something has gone wrong, and they might not germinate properly. You should also look to see that the seeds are turning green—this indicates that they are photosynthesizing and preparing to germinate. 

You'll want to allow the sprouts to grow 3 or 4 inches tall before disturbing them with a mower. It will likely take them 4 to 6 weeks after initial germination to reach this height as they need time to establish roots in the soil.

Different species germinate at different rates and require different conditions. You should choose a grass seed that’s compatible with your area’s climate—some grasses grow well in the shade, and others are sun lovers—and the variety you choose requires the level of maintenance that you can provide. If you’re unsure which type to sow, consult a lawn care professional near you.

How Types of Grass Germinate

Check out how these common grass types germinate to find the best option for your lawn.

Kentucky Blue

• Germination period: 14 to 30 days

• Ideal planting session: Early fall or early spring

• Drought tolerance: Poor

• Shade tolerance: Prefers sun

• Heat tolerance: Good

• Maintenance: Medium

Perennial Rye

• Germination period: 5 to 10 days

• Ideal planting session: Early fall or early spring

• Drought tolerance: Poor

• Shade tolerance: Partial shade

• Heat tolerance: Good

• Maintenance: High

Tall Fescue:

• Germination period: 7 to 21 days

• Ideal planting session: Early fall or early spring

• Drought tolerance: Moderate

• Shade tolerance: Moderate shade

• Heat tolerance: Good

• Maintenance: Low

Fine Fescue:

• Germination period: 12 to 22 days

• Ideal planting session: Early fall or early spring

• Drought tolerance: Good

• Shade tolerance: Moderate shade

• Heat tolerance: Good

• Maintenance: Low

Bermuda grass:

• Germination period: 7 to 21 days

• Ideal planting session: Late spring

• Drought tolerance: Good

• Shade tolerance: Moderate shade

• Heat tolerance: Excellent

• Maintenance: Low

Buffalo grass:

• Germination period: 15 to 21 days

• Ideal planting session: Late spring

• Drought tolerance: Excellent

• Shade tolerance: Prefers sun

• Heat tolerance: Excellent 

• Maintenance: Low

Centipede grass:

• Germination period: 10 to 28 days

• Ideal planting session: Late spring

• Drought tolerance: Good

• Shade tolerance: Moderate shade

• Heat tolerance: Excellent

• Maintenance: Low

How To Improve the Germination Process

While we can’t fully control Mother Nature, we can take steps to achieve a better outcome for our grass seed.

Get Seeds Directly In Contact With Soil

After sowing the seeds, gently rake them to integrate them fully with the soil. You can also use a roller to press down on the seeds so they are firmly in the ground. This step will allow the seeds to merge with the soil and collect the most moisture from it.

Cover the Seeds With Straw

Adding a thin (less than ¼ inch) layer of straw will not only help the seeds retain even more moisture, it will prevent hungry birds from eating your seeds as their midday snack.

Water Lightly and Regularly

Moisture is the key to success. Moisture regularly but lightly, as waterlogged soil will decrease the oxygen levels available to the germinating seeds and can ultimately kill the seeds.