There are a few easy ways to locate a wall stud without a stud finder. First, try knocking on the wall with your knuckles. Most parts of the wall will sound hollow, but when you tap over a stud, it will sound more solid. Alternatively, since studs are spaced 16 or 24 inches apart, you can measure those distances from a corner of the room, which will always have a stud.

The cost to convert a carport into a garage averages about $22,000, ranging from about $15,000 and $55,000. Additional cost factors to consider include size, time of year, and how much of the carport you can reuse. Other cost factors include the kinds and amounts of materials used, such as:

• Add insulation: $1 per square foot

• Add drywall: $1–$3 per square foot

• Add window: $450–$2,000 per window

• Add outlets: $75–$500

• Add garage door: $250–$11,200

• Enclose framing: $5–$13 per square foot

• Replace roofing: $1,000–$2,000

Yes, ceiling joists are typically load-bearing. However, their primary function is to support the weight of the ceiling and loads applied to it, like lighting fixtures and ceiling fans. They can also help support the roof, especially if they’re part of truss systems. Remember, the load-bearing capacity of ceiling joists depends on the material, size, and space between them. 

Balcony construction or replacement typically requires a building permit from your local permitting authority. Safety and building integrity are the main reasons for the need to obtain a permit and the subsequent inspections. In some cases, especially cantilevered balconies, your municipality may also require the oversight and signature of a structural engineer.