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The best practice is to clean the sewer drain lines in your home once a year or every two years. Older homes could require more frequent maintenance. Keeping up on cleaning your sewer lines can prevent severe clogs, help ensure your system is working properly, and prevent expensive repairs.

A two-way cleanout can help if there’s already a clog, but the best strategy to prevent one is by not rinsing grease, oil, or fat down your drains, not flushing or rinsing coffee grounds or egg shells down your drains, flushing only human waste and toilet paper (so no diapers, period products, bathroom wipes, or paper towels), and using drain guards on all of your drains.

Depending on the home, wastewater either goes into a septic tank and seeps back into the backyard or is sent via sewer system to a local sewage-treatment plant. Septic systems naturally separate different components of the waste so that it can naturally and safely disperse it. They are usually reserved for homes not served by a municipal sewage department (like rural homes). A treatment plant, on the other hand, speeds up that process through screening and purification.

It is generally safe to stay in a house with sewer gas for a short time, even though short-term exposure is unpleasant. However, prolonged inhalation can cause headaches, nausea, or respiratory irritation. High levels of methane—which is in sewer gas—can pose an explosion risk in enclosed spaces. Ventilate the area and call a pro if you smell sewer gas or experience related health symptoms.