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Cleaning a leather sofa is typically easier than cleaning fabric sofas, although they do need annual conditioning to keep them in top condition. Where you can often quickly wipe down moisture-repellent leather with a damp cloth to remove dirt and spills, you might have to scrub fabrics and use specialist cleaning products to get rid of ingrained grime or soaked-in stains.

Vinegar and baking soda can be effective for removing old carpet stains, although success may depend on the type of stain. There are two common methods for this process.

One method involves combining the ingredients directly on the stain to create a chemical reaction. First, pour a generous layer of dry baking soda over the stain. In a spray bottle, mix distilled white vinegar with 1 cup of warm water and a few drops of liquid dish soap, then spray this solution thoroughly over the baking soda. The mixture will foam as the acidic vinegar reacts with the basic baking soda, which helps loosen and lift the stain. Let this sit for a few hours until it dries, then wipe or vacuum up the residue and blot the area with a clean, dry towel. You can repeat the process if the stain persists.

An alternative method suggests using the ingredients separately. Start by sprinkling baking soda on the stain and letting it sit for 15 to 30 minutes before vacuuming it up. Next, blot the remaining stain with a solution of equal parts white vinegar and water, and then blot the area dry with a clean cloth.

Use similar methods to get old stains out of couches as you would new ones. Determine the appropriate cleaning solution based on the tag. However, you may need to let the cleaner sit longer than you would with a new stain or make several passes at the stain. Contact a professional upholstery cleaner for guidance if the stain does not budge.

Focus on cleaning the air after you’ve finished cleaning surfaces. Use air purifiers, moving them as necessary from room to room. The air filters should be cleaned or replaced, depending on the type of filters you have. Clean the air ducts by yourself or by hiring a pro. Finally, open doors and windows to ensure the space is properly ventilated.