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Energy-efficient windows are judged on their performance according to a few different factors, including heat transfer, air leakage, light transference, and condensation resistance. If you're unsure whether a window is energy-efficient, look for an ENERGY STAR® label from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). If various products, including windows, meet energy-efficiency standards set by the federal government, the EPA issues this label to help consumers identify energy-efficient products.

Window AC units use a fair amount of electricity, but significantly less than central AC systems. Because they are more energy-efficient for cooling individual rooms or small spaces, their usage is comparatively low. On average, a window AC unit consumes between 500 and 1,400 watts, while a central AC system uses over 3,500 watts—meaning a window unit uses about one-third of the energy. This typically translates to a monthly running cost of $15 to $40, although this can vary depending on external factors.

Electric bills tend to be lower in spring and fall because people use less electricity during these seasons. Milder temperatures allow for less use of heating and cooling, unlike during winter and summer, which usually bring more extreme temperatures.

Solar water heating systems are not one-size-fits-all. You'll likely work with a team of experts to get the job done—including solar panel installers, plumbers, and water heater installers. A specialist will help you decide if a passive or active system is best for your local weather, home layout, roof stability, and your budget.