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You should pump your septic tank once every two to four years for a family of four, depending on your septic tank size. You should pump a 1,000-gallon septic tank every two years, while a 1,500-gallon tank should be pumped every four years. Water usage also affects how often you should pump your septic tank. If you notice slow drains, foul smells, or gurgling sounds from your drains, you should pump your septic tank as soon as possible.

Your septic tank naturally contains the good bacteria it needs, so you typically don't have to add more as the system produces them on its own. However, if you wish to replenish the bacteria, you can use natural methods. For example, you can add three rotten tomatoes to your garbage disposal or flush 1/4 ounce of active yeast down the toilet every three months. While store-bought septic enzymes and chemicals are available, many additives are unnecessary and may even harm your system. The most effective way to maintain a healthy bacterial balance is to avoid using chemical drain cleaners, which can kill the beneficial bacteria in your tank.

There are three layers of wastewater in a septic tank: scum (solid waste that floats to the top of the wastewater), liquid (the relatively clean liquid wastewater in between the two other layers), and sludge (solid waste that falls to the bottom of the wastewater). The buildup of sludge is one of the main reasons septic tanks need to be pumped. If the tank is more than 1/3 of the way full with a combination of sludge and scum, it’s time to call a pro for pumping.

Whether or not it’s hard to pass a perc test depends a lot on the composition of your soil. When a perc test is conducted where there’s a high concentration of sand in the soil, perc tests almost always pass. However, if your ground is dense clay or rock, it may prove difficult to pass a perc test. A low water table also helps you pass the test, as a high table means your yard isn’t draining water as efficiently.