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The white stains you see on your bricks are likely efflorescence, which is salt and lime buildup. To remove efflorescence stains, simply brush them away with a stiff brush. For larger, more stubborn stains, scrub the stains with a water-detergent solution.

Stone can last anywhere from 15 to 100 years before it needs to be restored. You should clean your stone flooring or countertops regularly using cleaners designed for stone surfaces. Stay on top of vacuuming to prevent scratches from deteriorating stone faster, deep clean your stone surfaces using a pH-neutral cleaning solution at least once a year, and reseal the stone every one to five years, depending on foot traffic or usage.

In some cases, black stains on brick are caused by organic substances like algae and mold. However, it's more likely that the black spots you're noticing on your bricks come from carbon from vehicle exhaust or soot. Black stains can usually be removed by scrubbing the brick with a brush and masonry cleaner or power washing.

Use fire bricks for a brick pizza oven. These bricks are typically used for fireplaces and chimneys as they can withstand high temperatures from heat sources. If you attempt to use any other kind of bricks, it’s likely that this material will crack from such high heat exposure in the best case—and potentially explode and cause serious harm in the worst case.