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The main cause of bathroom leaks is seals and connectors that loosen or deteriorate over time, causing leaks to develop. It's important to stay on top of your bathroom materials, as toilets, showers, and sinks all have different lifespans. Toilets and faucets last between 10 and 15 years on average with regular maintenance, but different parts may have shorter lifespans than others.

Brown stains in your toilet bowl are most likely limescale. Limescale happens from lime being left behind from hard water evaporating. Once dried out, the minerals also catch dirt and bacteria which eventually accumulate into the brown or blackish stain you see in your toilet. To remove thick and hard limescale from your toilet, use a mixture of vinegar, lemon juice, and baking soda, and scrub with a metal scrubbing brush.

To drain a broken toilet, place towels or plastic sheeting around the base in case of splashing or overflowing. Next, shut off the toilet’s water supply, usually via a valve on the wall behind the toilet. Begin flushing the handle to remove as much water as possible from the tank and the bowl. Don’t flush the toilet if it’s clogged, though. From there, use a large sponge to soak up any remaining water and wring it over a bucket. 

A high pitch noise after flushing is likely caused by the fill valve being clogged with debris. You can repair this and eliminate the noise by removing the fill valve from the tank, and then cleaning the valve screen. Place the clean fill valve back in the tank and flush as normal.