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Signs your couch needs cleaning include a buildup of crumbs or pet hair, unsightly stains, grimy discoloration, or bad odors. Your couch typically needs deep cleaning every six to 12 months, but a weekly vacuum helps keep it crud-free. Cleaning schedules vary depending on the couch fabric and color, and one that accommodates shedding pets and careless kids will need cleaning more frequently.

Many household items neutralize the smell of urine, including fabric sprays and baking soda, a great odor absorber. Or try combining baking soda and hydrogen peroxide to cut through the smell. If these items don’t work to completely remove the smell of pet urine, try an enzymatic cleaner, which works to break down organic matter such as urine, and is readily available at most pet stores.

Vinegar and baking soda can be effective for removing old carpet stains, although success may depend on the type of stain. There are two common methods for this process.

One method involves combining the ingredients directly on the stain to create a chemical reaction. First, pour a generous layer of dry baking soda over the stain. In a spray bottle, mix distilled white vinegar with 1 cup of warm water and a few drops of liquid dish soap, then spray this solution thoroughly over the baking soda. The mixture will foam as the acidic vinegar reacts with the basic baking soda, which helps loosen and lift the stain. Let this sit for a few hours until it dries, then wipe or vacuum up the residue and blot the area with a clean, dry towel. You can repeat the process if the stain persists.

An alternative method suggests using the ingredients separately. Start by sprinkling baking soda on the stain and letting it sit for 15 to 30 minutes before vacuuming it up. Next, blot the remaining stain with a solution of equal parts white vinegar and water, and then blot the area dry with a clean cloth.

Stains can be removed from couches by spot-cleaning them with the appropriate solution. Check your upholstery tag below the cushions or under your couch for the right spot-cleaning solution. In some cases, you may also be able to remove the upholstery covers and throw them in the wash on a gentle cycle.