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Your tool of choice ultimately comes down to personal preference. Many DIYers prefer applying stain with a lint-free rag, but others stick with a paint brush or a roller. Wipe the stain and work it into the wood, working with and against the grain. If you’re applying multiple coats, allow the stain to dry for around four hours between coats.

If possible, it is beneficial to paint both sides of your fence to protect the fence more completely from the elements. Painting both sides of your fence will create a more consistent appearance as well. However, the time and cost involved in painting both sides of the fence may cause people to paint only the side they see.

The best time to stain a fence is when the weather is dry and temperatures are between 50 and 90 degrees Fahrenheit. Late spring, early summer, and fall are typically the best seasons for this project. You should avoid staining during very hot weather, like in the middle of summer, or when it is raining. Heat and moisture can cause the stain to dry unevenly. Likewise, if it's too cold, such as in winter or early spring, the stain may not be able to dry fully. Before you start, check the forecast to ensure there will be no rain and low humidity for at least a few days.

Applying a sealer or topcoat after staining wood is highly recommended, though not always strictly required. A sealer protects the wood from moisture, UV rays, and weather-related issues, which is especially important for outdoor surfaces like decks and fences. It also enhances the stain's durability, prevents fading over time, and gives the wood a cleaner, more professional-looking finish. For some indoor applications, a sealer may not be necessary, depending on the type of stain used and the level of protection needed. It's always best to check the stain manufacturer's recommendations and consider the wood's intended use and exposure when deciding whether to apply a sealer.