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A rat nest often looks like a messy, loosely formed pile hidden in a quiet spot. It may appear as a ball-shaped cluster or just a scattered heap made from shredded paper, fabric, insulation, leaves, twigs, and other soft materials. Rats gather whatever they can find nearby to build their nests, often tucking them away in walls, attics, or behind appliances for warmth and safety.

It can be difficult to know what type of animal is in your attic until you see it. But several clues can help you narrow down the suspects:

• Sounds: Smaller animals like rats and mice make scurrying and tapping/gnawing sounds. Larger animals like raccoons and opossums make louder clambering noises. Also, note when animals are noisy: Squirrels are active during the day, while rats are busiest at night.

• Droppings: Rats and mice leave small, rice-shaped droppings (the rat’s version is significantly larger). Bigger droppings belong to larger critters like raccoons. As long as you’re not squeamish, an image search can help you identify what you’re seeing in your attic.

When in doubt, take photos of damage or other evidence and show them to an experienced pest control pro.

Pantry bugs are rarely able to get into sealed packages, but they may try. If you find pests on or around a sealed food item, check inside to make sure the food is still clean. Not sure whether a package is contaminated? Spread the contents onto a cookie sheet and use a flashlight to look for pests.

There are several ways to get rid of fleas in your yard without harming your pet. One option is to use a flea control treatment (such as a spray or bomb) that’s safe for pets. If you’re unsure whether a certain product is pet-friendly, check the label or ask a pest removal pro. Alternatively, you can apply beneficial nematodes—which won’t affect pets or people—to your lawn.