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The best tool for cutting countertops depends on the type of countertop material. For some softer materials, like laminate (Formica) and butcher block, you can use a hand saw, but most experts recommend power saws like circular saws, since these make the job go faster and easier and give more even results. However, power saws and circular saws are dangerous if used incorrectly, and they can be so powerful that they damage or chip laminate, stone, and other types of countertops. For this reason, you should take safety precautions and use best practices to prevent damage.

No, you should not put a hot pan or pot directly on a quartz countertop. While quartz is generally heat-resistant, the resin binders used in its manufacturing are sensitive to extreme heat. Placing a hot pan on the surface can damage the resin, leading to discoloration or other cosmetic issues. If the heat exceeds 150 degrees Fahrenheit, it can cause permanent damage, such as burns or even cracking. To protect your countertop, always use trivets or hot pads.

Marble countertops are often considered better than limestone because of their superior durability and luxurious appearance. Marble is harder and less prone to scratching and denting, though it still requires maintenance and sealing to prevent stains and etching. Marble is typically more expensive, but its beautiful veining and range of colors offer a high-end look. 

Porcelain is a relatively affordable, mid-range countertop material. It typically costs between $50 to $70 per square foot.

Compared to quartz, porcelain is slightly more affordable, as quartz generally ranges from $50 to $200 per square foot. However, lower-quality, builder's grade quartz can be similar in price to porcelain.

Compared to granite, the price can be similar, depending on the quality of the stone. While granite slabs can range from $50 to $200 per square foot, you can find lower-end granite in the same price range as porcelain. High-end granites will cost significantly more.

Porcelain is generally more expensive than laminate, acrylic, and ceramic, but less expensive than high-end slate, concrete, and marble. A key benefit is that porcelain does not require sealing, which reduces long-term maintenance costs.