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If you don’t put gravel under concrete, the concrete can crack, sink, bow, or crumble. Even the concrete forming process will not go as smoothly if you are working directly on the soil or bare bedrock. The lack of a proper gravel layer can also lead to drainage issues below your slab, leading to water issues throughout your lawn and around your foundation.

Yes, you should screw your flange to the subfloor, including cement. The best way to get this done is to predrill holes into the concrete using a hammer drill and a ¼-inch concrete bit. Be careful when you’re ready to bolt your flange down, as you can accidentally crack it. You can avoid this issue by not installing the screws too deep. Or, you can opt for a flange with a stainless steel ring so you don’t have to worry about cracking the plastic.

Concrete can cure in 24 hours if the temperature remains above 40 degrees, but it might take up to 48 hours for the initial curing if the temperature drops close to freezing. You can speed up the curing process in cold weather by using accelerants, or you can insulate the slab or enclose and warm the area with heaters.

There’s no legal requirement that states that you need rebar in a concrete driveway, but since the slab will be supporting heavy vehicle loads, it’s always a good idea to pay a bit more for rebar reinforcement. Your driveway will be much more likely to crack if you don’t reinforce it with rebar. Driveways that need to support commercial vehicles or provide parking for multiple vehicles at once should always include rebar reinforcement. If you’re pouring concrete over asphalt or pouring concrete over an existing slab, you may not have enough depth for rebar, meaning an increased risk of cracking.