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Black stains appear on wood furniture when the surface comes in contact with water and metal for an extended time. It creates a chemical reaction that stains your wood black. Products that contain oxalic acid can remove these stains. Its bleach-like qualities can reverse the stains after a few rounds of application.

Wood stains last anywhere from two to five years, depending on exposure to the elements, your local climate, the type of stain, and the surface it’s on. For instance, vertical surfaces last longer than horizontal surfaces. Some types of woods, like dense hardwoods, will require a recoat yearly, as they are too dense for the stain to absorb. In any event, apply a recoat every 2 to 4 years. As for storage, a can of unopened stain can last up to 5 years, though results may vary.

Sometimes you will need a stronger cleaning solution to thoroughly clean furniture before painting. It’s best to start with a mild solution to avoid damaging the surface, especially if it is an antique piece. If you need to use a stronger mixture, try a commercial cleaner or mineral spirits. Before applying any solution, do a test patch on an inconspicuous area so you don’t risk damaging the finish.

Avoid using wood filler for structural repairs or areas with extensive damage. Wood filler is designed for cosmetic fixes like filling small holes, cracks, or surface imperfections, and it doesn't provide the strength needed for load-bearing repairs or large gaps. You also shouldn’t use wood filler in areas exposed to heavy moisture or extreme outdoor conditions unless it’s a product specifically rated for such environments. Wood replacement or a strong epoxy resin is a better solution for severe rot or structural damage.