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They’re both types of wood-burning fireplaces, but a wood fireplace is built directly into a wall and attached to a chimney. A built-in wood fireplace often has an open hearth, although some models have an enclosed hearth. On the other hand, a wood-burning fireplace insert is a self-contained box that slides into an existing fireplace opening.

A fireplace hearth is necessary in most areas per building codes, especially for gas and wood-burning fireplaces. Electric fireplaces may not require a hearth, so check local building codes or ask a pro for guidance if you’re leaning toward electric. A fireplace hearth can decrease the risk of flying embers creating a fire and burning your home down. That’s why fireproof material, like tile, is used for the hearth.

Both wood-burning stoves and fireplaces can emit smoke and other combustion gases that are harmful to human health. According to the American Lung Association, wood smoke can lead to coughing and wheezing as well as long-term health impacts like increased risks for heart attacks and stroke. 

Newer models meet the modern efficiency standards set in 2020 by the Environmental Protection Agency for cleaner burning, more efficient wood stoves. Regular maintenance can also minimize smoke.

Some homes with wood-burning fireplaces don't have ash pits due to design choices, construction practices, or the age of the house. Many older abodes don't have them because ash pits weren't a standard feature when they were built. Additionally, in smaller homes or homes with less frequent fireplace use, builders might have opted to forgo an ash pit to reduce costs or simplify maintenance.