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No, you don’t need a garbage disposal for a dishwasher. A dishwasher will work without a garbage disposal. However, the two appliances pair well and are often installed together. It is rare to see a home with a dishwasher that doesn’t have a garbage disposal, but that doesn’t mean it's not possible. Each appliance serves its own purpose. 

If your garbage disposal powers up and you can hear it hum, but the arms inside aren’t moving, the problem might be a stubborn clog, a build-up of grease, or a jam of the impeller plate. To troubleshoot these, ensure your unit is off and disconnected from its power source before checking inside the drain or attempting to manually rotate the impeller arms or plate from the underside of the unit. A hex wrench can help.

Your garbage disposal will only affect the health of your septic tank if you’re using it too frequently, or filling it with organic waste that doesn’t fully break down. If the tank fills up with too many solids, the bacteria won’t have enough time to consume it before more is added, which can lead to an overflow in the drain field. Your tank will need to be pumped more frequently with excessive or improper garbage disposal use.

Garbage disposals last an average of seven years but can function well past 10 years. However, as time goes on and more food is ground, the grinding plates will slowly lose their edge and need replacing. A motor likely won’t last 10 or more years, but you should be able to get a minimum of five years at least, even under heavy usage.