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Yes, roof ridge caps are a necessary part of your roof system. Your roof ridge cap is at the peak of your roof, where two slopes of your roof meet. Roof ridge caps seal the seam and help protect your roof from water and debris, and because they’re pre-bent and thicker, they’re more suited to the job than regular roof shingles, which can break when bent.

A new roof may improve insulation and ventilation problems that can lead to ice dams, but it’s not a solution for preventing them. All roofs are susceptible to the conditions that cause ice dams, so it’s best to invest your money into insulation and gutter management solutions rather than a new roof if you don’t need a replacement yet.

You shouldn’t put a new roof underlayment over an old one for a few reasons. Old felt must be removed in order to assess the condition of your roof decking, such as rotting wood or other structural issues. Also, if your roofer doesn't install a fresh layer of felt as is required by shingle manufacturers, your warranty may be voided. Finally, old underlayment removal is often included in the cost of roof repair or replacement, so there's no real benefit to leaving it on before installing a new layer.

The level of underlayment’s water resistance will depend on the type of underlayment. The most popular underlayment, felt, is water-resistant, but it can’t withstand long direct exposure to rain or the elements. 

Synthetic underlayment is more waterproof, but asphalt is the only fully waterproof type of underlayment.