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Use a high-quality caulk with silicone around your windows, as it’s waterproof and shrink-proof. Or, you can use a caulk consisting of polyurethane or acrylic if you want to be able to paint over it. Caulk made from silicone is not paintable. Avoid using inexpensive caulk that has a resin or oil base. These caulks will not last long and may shrink and pull away from the window as temperatures go up and down.

In some cases, you might need a permit for a window replacement, which is hard to get if you’re not a professional contractor. You should probably just hire a window replacement company in the first place because the job is complicated and can be dangerous for the average DIYer. You may not even save any money doing it yourself because contractors purchase materials wholesale.

Yes, you can fix windows without replacing them. However, this will depend on the severity of the issue and what your needs are. Minor water damage, broken glass, damaged casing, and worn caulking are usually easy repairs. But if there is excessive damage, the windows are constantly foggy, or the windows are very old, it’s best to consider replacing them. Replacement windows cost between $575 and $1,475 per window, or an average of $850 per window. 

Windows with muntins are slightly more expensive because you’re paying for more material, but the cost shouldn't be that much higher since most muntins are fake on modern windows. You’re looking at a cost between $25 and $100 more per window for muntins, depending on the type. The only exception is if you want custom muntins to match your home style or meet your personal preference. Most manufacturers will charge more for these as they can’t mass-produce them. Windows with true muntins are rare, and they’re much more expensive upfront and over time if you ever need individual glass replacement.