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Most single-story homes don't have foundations strong enough to support a second story, but they can be reinforced for an addition. A structural engineer can assess your foundation and what needs to be done to get it ready. They'll look at any cracks or unevenness in your current foundation and consider any special framing or beams your home needs, especially if it’s in a high-wind or hurricane area.

“To support a second story, many structural engineers will require that you install additional concrete piers in the crawlspace,” says Tschudi. “This involves hand excavating, pouring a large concrete footing—usually with specially coated rebar—and then building concrete piers right up to the girders.”

Foundation problems are costly to repair, but if you already own the home, you can either handle the issues or allow the property to (literally) sink into disrepair. The opposite is true when buying a home. Walk away if the seller refuses to lower the asking price once foundation issues are exposed or if they refuse to handle the problems before the completion of the sale.

No, hairline cracks in concrete are generally not a problem as they do not impact the strength and longevity of the concrete. Generally, cracks less than 0.3 millimeter wide don’t impact the structure. Hairline cracks can grow over time and weaken the structure, such as in a home foundation. Some hairline cracks can also cause leaks in a foundation. It’s important to watch the cracks to see if they grow. Contact a concrete contractor if you notice cracks exceeding 0.3 millimeter wide.

A leak under your foundation from a water supply line or sewage line is likely to lead to water pooling on certain areas of your property during rainfall, abnormally fast-growing or green grass in certain sections of your lawn, and differential settlement of your foundation, which can result in large foundation cracks, windows and doors failing to operate properly, a wavy or sloping roofline, or damages or irregularities in your interior walls, including cracks and bulging. If it’s a plumbing line embedded in your slab, you’ll also likely notice above-average water bills.