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If you do not regularly change your HVAC filter, it will become clogged with dust, dirt, and other contaminants. This blockage forces the system to work harder to circulate air, leading to higher energy bills, poor temperature regulation, and increased wear on parts, which can cause more frequent breakdowns and shorten the system's overall lifespan. Additionally, a dirty filter that no longer traps contaminants can lead to poor indoor air quality, potential health problems, and even complete system failure.

A HEPA filter is a powerful tool for clean air, but the structure doesn’t allow much air to pass through it. That means your HVAC motor must work harder to keep your air pressure consistent, which can result in higher energy bills. That, coupled with the higher cost of HEPA filters, may not make them the best choice for your HVAC system.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), no single water filter or treatment system can remove 100% of contaminants. To find the best filter for your needs, first determine which impurities are most important for you to remove. For example, reverse osmosis (RO) filters are highly effective at removing a wide range of contaminants, including sediment, heavy metals, bacteria, viruses, dissolved salts, and chemicals. However, the RO process can also filter out beneficial minerals like calcium and magnesium. If eliminating bacteria is your main priority, a UV filter could be a suitable choice. Additionally, distilled water is considered the most pure form of filtered water available.

Air filters with a high MERV rating, 11 or above, shouldn't cause airflow problems in most residential systems. However, the airflow can be restricted in some HVAC systems if they aren't designed for high MERV ratings. If in doubt, a local duct installer should inspect your ductwork so that you know what your system can handle.