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Insulation can be made of cellulose, fiberglass, polyurethane, polystyrene, or mineral wool. Radiant barriers are often made of aluminum or other similarly reflective materials, but they will need to be paired with something else because they don’t provide heating benefits. Cellulose is among the most eco-friendly options and may be recycled when it’s past its shelf-life, whereas polyurethane and polystyrene both emit harmful compounds and will need to be handled with care during installation.

Fiberglass is the best insulation for HVAC ducting because it's inexpensive, widely available, versatile, and long-lasting. Fiberglass also offers acoustic insulation in addition to thermal insulation, which can contribute to a more peaceful home environment. You can use other materials like mineral wool, but fiberglass is the industry standard.

Periodic checks for moisture or pest issues ensure consistent performance.

Cellulose insulation is usually made from recycled paper products, such as old newspapers, but cellulose might also contain recycled denim. While most homeowners traditionally buy cellulose insulation to use for installation, it is possible to make your own at home with old newspapers, cardboard, a paper shredder, and boric acid (important for fireproofing your cellulose insulation materials).