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STC (Sound Transmission Class) is a rating that describes how well a building material or assembly blocks airborne sound. A higher STC rating means less noise will pass through the material, providing better sound reduction. This rating system applies to various building components, including windows, doors, flooring, drywall, and insulation.

For context, a typical single-pane window has an STC rating of around 25 (where normal conversations are audible), while a well-sealed, double-pane window can exceed STC 45 (blocking loud speech and most music). It is important to note that for some products, like soundproofing drywall, the STC rating refers to the entire wall system, not just the individual panel.

Additionally, STC ratings are most effective for measuring sound reduction at mid-to-high frequencies, such as human speech, and may not accurately reflect how well a material blocks low-frequency sounds like bass music or thunder. Because of these factors, it is recommended to consult a professional to determine the right STC-rated materials for your specific soundproofing needs.

R-value measures an insulation material's thermal resistance, indicating its ability to resist heat transfer. A higher R-value signifies better insulation performance because the material is more effective at slowing heat flow. The R-value depends on the type, thickness, and density of the insulation material, such as fiberglass, foam, or cellulose. Each inch of insulation typically provides an R-value between 3 and 8. There is no single universal R-value; the optimal choice depends on your climate zone. Colder climates require a much higher R-value than warmer ones to maintain energy efficiency, keep the home warm in winter and cool in summer, and manage costs.

A small sump pump running infrequently uses an average of 10 kilowatt-hours (kWh) of electricity per month. The average cost for electricity is $0.171 per kWh. The size and use frequency affect how much electricity it uses. Sump pumps average one-third to one horsepower (hp) motors. One hp is equal to 745.7 watts. Watts multiplied by the time your pump is running divided by 1,000 equals your average kWh. Multiply kWh by your average cost of electricity. In areas with high rain or a marsh basin, the average cost can be as high as $15-$25 a month.

While many states require all new construction to undergo blower door tests, it’s not a requirement for existing homes. But in both cases, a blower test helps confirm that the contractor has sealed the exterior, that the type of ductwork installed is functioning properly, and that your home is as efficient as possible.