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If water is left inside the hot tub pump over a cold winter, it could freeze and severely damage the pump, water lines, and jets. That can cause leaks, which require very expensive repairs. Freezing or leftover water can stain and damage the hot tub shell, which leads to replacement. Even in mild climates, leaving sitting water in the tub or pipes for a long period of unuse is a bad idea, since disinfecting chemicals fade and the water can develop bacteria, algae, and other big headaches when it’s time to use the tub again.

To refill a hot tub after winter, start by opening up the tub and giving it a quick cleaning. If you use antifreeze, drain out the water then grab a hose and thoroughly clean the tub shell out, spraying water into each jet of the tub. 

Reconnect the hot tub and turn the power back on. When it’s time to fill the tub again, insert the hose into the filter well (if available). Avoid trapping too much air in the water lines, which can cause the pump to lock up when it starts again. Add the necessary chemicals and start the heating process. It will take some time—most of a full day—for the water to heat up again.

Where you drain a hot tub largely depends on local regulations, but you must not drain chemically treated water where it can damage the environment. Direct the water toward a sanitary sewer drain that will take it to a treatment facility. If your lawn has a dedicated drainage area that’s free from plants and foundations, you can likely drain it there. Avoid storm drains, as the hot tub water will enter waterways and could hurt aquatic life. Likewise, do not pour it out directly on any public land or where it can get into your neighbors’ property. 

If you want to have a chemical-free spa, or if you are wondering how to keep your hot tub clean naturally, there are several options. Some individuals choose to run their hot tub without treatment at all and simply clean it more often (although you risk bacteria, fungi, and algae growth if you take this route); others use natural products like vinegar or Borax. Ozone, ultraviolet light, and electrolysis systems are also eco-friendly ways to have a clean hot tub without chemicals. Saltwater hot tubs are popular with people who are sensitive to chlorine, bromine, and other traditional hot tub chemicals.