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If the holes in the plaster are small, you can fill them with layers of patching plaster until they’re filled. After it dries, you can sand the plaster and paint over it. If the hole is much larger, consider using bonding plaster first and then a layer of patching plaster, completing the process with sanding and a layer of paint.

It doesn’t matter which way you lay drywall, and you can choose to install it horizontally or vertically depending on the size of the wall and how tall the ceiling is. It’s easier to lay drywall sheets vertically if you have a taller ceiling, but laying sheets horizontally makes it easier to apply joint compound.

All plaster walls will crack over time due to normal house settling and expansion and contraction from temperature and moisture changes. Small, thin hairline cracks are generally not serious and are mostly a cosmetic issue. However, larger or more significant cracks can indicate structural problems.

Here's how to tell the difference:

• Cosmetic Cracks: Cracks that are 0.5 cm (0.2 inches) or thinner are typically cosmetic.

• Structural Cracks: Cracks wider than 0.5 cm, excessive or deep cracks, multiple cracks in the same area, or cracks that span around corners can signify a structural or foundation issue. Cracks along the joints where walls meet the ceiling also warrant attention.

For cracks wider than 0.5 cm, structural repair is needed. If a crack is 2.5 cm (1 inch) or wider, or if you notice any signs of a structural problem, it is best to contact a plaster repair professional to assess the damage.

Fixing ceiling nail pops involves similar steps to wall repair, with the major difference being the orientation of the work. Ceiling nail pops can be more challenging because you may need to work overhead, which can be physically demanding and require additional safety precautions. Additionally, the ceiling may have different materials or finishes, such as textured surfaces, which can affect the repair process. Otherwise, the fundamental steps are the same.