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Deciding whether to repair or replace a window depends on the specific issue, the window's age, and the cost-effectiveness of the solution.

Repair is often better for:

• Minor issues such as a single broken glass pane, a stuck window, or small leaks. Repair is typically more affordable for isolated problems.

Replacement is the better long-term solution for:

• Major problems like deteriorating or rotting frames, significant leaks, or drafts.

• If your windows are over 15 years old, as repairs may only be a temporary fix for an aging unit.

• If you have a widespread problem affecting several windows.

The material around a window is simply called the window frame, but the individual pieces also have different names. The top portion of the frame is called the head, the side pieces are called jambs, and the bottom portion is called the sill. If you have multiple windows next to each other, you’ll also have a mullion, which is the frame piece that separates the individual windows. Windows stacked on top of each other are separated by a horizontal frame piece, which is called a transom.

If the existing frame around the window sash is completely structurally sound, it's possible to save money by swapping out the sash for a new one instead of getting a new window. Keep in mind that it will be necessary to find a new sash that perfectly matches your existing window structure. In general, consulting a window pro to help you find the right match is the best way to ensure you're doing this project correctly.

In short, it depends. After 20 years, the glass in your windows is less energy efficient, which can cause increased electricity bills. You might also see signs of water damage or natural wear and tear over the years. However, with proper maintenance, some window frames can last up to 50 years, so you may only need to replace the glass to save on energy. 

At the same time, window replacement is a major investment, so replacing the glass in rooms most impacted by outdoor temperatures is one way to avoid going all-in to replace your windows.