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Bed bugs bite your body to feed on blood. When they bite, they inject an anticoagulant, which is why you may see blood stains on your sheets if you have an infestation. The bed bugs tend to bite in clusters, so the bite marks will look like itchy, red spots in zigzagging lines of three to five bites per cluster on your skin.

The bites are itchy, but for most people, they do not cause serious or long-term health complications. Itching the wound excessively could lead to an infection, and some people are allergic to bed bugs.

The best way to ward off roaches is to take preventative measures and stay on top of routine extermination services. Keep them away by cleaning your kitchen free from crumbs, properly storing away food, covering your pet’s food bowl, and reducing moisture in your home to make your house less tempting for roaming cockroaches. Remove clutter—especially cardboard boxes that roaches love to hide in, and replace them with plastic tubs.

Earwigs may look scary with their pincers, but they don’t pose a serious threat to humans or pets. They are not poisonous, do not sting, and rarely bite or pinch unless handled. While they are not known to transmit diseases, their presence can signal underlying moisture problems in your home, such as mold, water damage, or rotting wood. A large infestation can become a nuisance, and certain species may emit an unpleasant odor. Therefore, while earwigs themselves aren’t dangerous, a large number of them may indicate bigger issues that should be addressed by a pest control professional.

You can find anti-rat sprays in most home department stores that may be worth a try. Spray them along fences and in areas where you don’t want rats to go (like around decks) and they may think twice before approaching. For a natural version, you can try a mint spray, since rats generally dislike mint. But even the most effective sprays are unlikely to stop a hungry rat over time.