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No, not all popcorn ceilings have asbestos, but a vast majority do. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) banned its use in 1973, although it still may have been used up through the early ‘90s. But, in general, homes built or remodeled before the early ‘80s likely utilized materials with asbestos. That being said, a professional test is the only way to determine for sure.

Vermiculite insulation that comes from a particular mine before 1990 is likely to contain asbestos. This is particularly true in the U.S. However, not all types of vermiculite insulation contain asbestos. Since you can't detect the presence of asbestos without special equipment, it's best to assume that the insulation contains the dangerous mineral and to either leave it alone or hire a professional to handle it.

Asbestos-containing materials are not easily affected by water and do not disintegrate or dissolve when exposed to it. However, porous materials can deteriorate due to water exposure, leading to the release of asbestos fibers into the air. The settling of asbestos fibers can also occur as water makes them heavy, which reduces the risk of airborne exposure, though future disturbance of the materials could cause risk. Wetting asbestos-containing materials does not constitute safe removal, and the proper handling and disposal of asbestos materials should be left to professionals.

No, but it’s common that they do. Gravity furnaces weren’t terribly efficient so wrapping either the ductwork in asbestos, the furnace itself, or both, was something done regularly. This allowed the system to retain more heat. At the time, this greatly enhanced the efficiency of the furnaces but it wasn’t until later that we became aware of just how carcinogenic and dangerous asbestos could be.